Compared with the previously reported H5N1, H5N9, and H7N9 viruses. Receptor-binding properties of H5N9 viruses. Human-infective influenza viruses preferentially recognize a receptor with saccharides terminating in -2,6-galactose sialic acids (SA -2,six Gal), whereas avian-infective influenza viruses preferentially recognize -2,3-galactose sialic acids (SA -2,three Gal) (19). To investigate the novel H5N9 HA receptor-binding properties, we determined the receptor-binding capacities of chicken-originating YH1 virus and mouse-originating YH1m virus. The YH1 and YH1m viruses bound avidly to SA -2,3 Gal but not to SA -2,6 Gal. Nevertheless, YH1 showed larger affinity for SA -2,3 Gal than did YH1m virus (Fig. four). These data indicated that the novel H5N9 virus recognized a receptor with SA -2,3 Gal. Pathogenicity on the H5N9 virus in mice. When mice werejvi.asm.orgJournal of VirologySeptember 2015 Volume 89 NumberN9 in H5N9 AIV from Human-Infecting H7NTABLE two Molecular evaluation comparison of A/Chicken/Yuhang/1/2013(H5N9) (YH1) with three various viruses harboring an H5 or N9 geneMolecular analysis finding Gene and function/effect HA gene HA cleavage web-site Receptor binding web-site (H3 numbering) Mutationa A/muscovy duck/Vietnam/ LBM227/2012 (H5N1) PQRERRRKR/GL Q G A/turkey/Ontario/7732/ 1966 (H5N9) PQRRKKR/GL Q G A/Chicken/Yuhang/ 1/2013(H5N9) PQRERRRKR/GL Q G A/Hangzhou/1/ 2013 (H7N9) PEIPKGR/GL I GQ226L G228SNA gene Stalk 693 deletion Resistant to oseltamivir (N2 numbering) PB2 gene Improved virulence in mice Enhanced transmission in mammals PB1 gene H5 virus transmissible amongst ferretsR294KYes RQISNT RYes RYes RE627K D701NE DE DE DK DH99Y I368VH IH IH VH VPB1-F2 gene Full-length improved virulence in mice (no.Price of 856563-00-3 of amino acids) M1 gene Elevated virulence in miceN30D T215AD AD AD AD AM2 gene Resistance to adamantane NS1 gene Elevated virulence in mice PDZ motif deletionaS31NSSNNP42SS ESEVS ESEVS ESEVS YesThe mutation internet site was numbered from the begin codon (Met).1197020-22-6 Purity inoculated intranasally with the H5N9 virus, no indicators of disease or death were observed in these animals dosed with 105 to 106 ELD50.PMID:35850484 In contrast, the mice inoculated with 107 to 108 ELD50 exhibited signs of illness, anorexia, and dyspnea. The MLD50 of H5N9 virus was 7.22 log10 ELD50. The mice infected with 108 ELD50 presented with decreased physique temperature, which reached its lowest level at 3 days postinfection (dpi) (Fig. 5A). These mice had lost more than 20 of their body weights by 7 dpi (Fig. 5B) and died for the duration of the ob-servation period (Fig. 5C). Among the mice infected with YH1, virus was effectively reisolated from lung and turbinate tissues at two, 4, and 6 dpi. Nevertheless, viruses were not isolated from any of the organs collected 1 week later. Virus replication was not detected in any in the direct-contact mice. H E staining showed that inflammatory exudates and congestion filled the alveolar space and alveolar septum of inoculated mice, and viral antigen was detected in alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages by IHC staining (Fig. six).FIG 4 Hemagglutinin receptor-binding capacity of H5N9 virus. Two biotinylated labeled glycans, -2,six glycan and -2,3 glycan, have been bound to 96-wellmicroplates in gradient concentrations. (A) YH1 virus; (B) YH1m virus. Information shown would be the implies of results from three repeats; the error bars indicate the typical deviations. **, P 0.01 compared together with the corresponding value of YH1m.September 2015 Volume 89 NumberJournal of Virologyjvi.asm.orgYu et al.These information indic.
